A Study of Serum Magnesium Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues together with impaired secretion of insulin. DM is the most common metabolic disorder with magnesium deficiency, having 25% to 39% prevalence. Osmotic diuresis accounts for a portion of the magnesium loss. Plasma magnesium and intracellular magnesium concentrations are tightly regulated by several factors. Insulin is the most important factor. Insulin may modulate the shift of magnesium from extracellular to intracellular space. In the present study we try to estimate serum magnesium in type 2 DM and also to find the association with duration of T2DM. Materials and Methods: The study will be conducted in Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur. 25 diabetes patients and 25 healthy volunteers were included in the present study. Age group of the study subjects were between 35 and 67 years. Approximately 3 ml of fasting serum samples and 1 ml of whole blood samples will be collected in Clinical Chemistry laboratory for the estimation of fasting glucose (GOD-POD method), 2-hour post glucose levels and HbA1c (HPLC method), Lipids profile was estimated by IFCC approved clinical chemistry analyzer (fully automated). Results: There was statistically significant difference in BMI, fasting blood sugar (FBS), Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), lipid profile and Mg (in DM groups). HbA1c (P < 0.001) levels were statistically significance with DM patients. Serum Mg levels were correlated showed negative correlation except High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) had positive correlation. The Serum Mg levels are significantly decreased along with the duration of the diabetes. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is seen in type 2 DM and inverse correlation with duration of the diabetes also. Supplementation of Magnesium can prevent chronic complications related to diabetes mellitus.